What is the principle behind conductive fabric shielding electromagnetic signals?

Conductive fabric, as a material, finds its primary application in the shielding of electromagnetic signals. Many remain unaware of the underlying principle by which this material achieves such shielding. So how exactly does this material block electromagnetic signals?

I. Factors Influencing Shielding Effectiveness and Manufacturing Processes

During the shielding process against electromagnetic signals, the efficacy of the shielding largely depends on whether the surface of the shielding body can maintain continuous conductivity. It also hinges on whether the surface of the conductor can directly penetrate the shielding body. In the production of conductive fabric, processes such as vacuum deposition and electroplating are primarily employed.

II. Principles of Electromagnetic Signal Shielding

Objects requiring electromagnetic shielding often contain numerous discontinuous conductive points. To achieve effective shielding, these non-conductive gaps must be eliminated. During the process of eliminating these discontinuities, gaps act like fluid conduits; their presence allows electromagnetic signals to leak. Thus, effective shielding necessitates the use of conductive elastic materials to seal these potential leakage points. Conductive fabric is manufactured primarily through specialised chemical deposition or physical transfer methods, transferring metallic nickel onto polyester. By repeatedly plating five layers of nickel, followed by a layer of highly conductive copper, these gaps are filled. This process endows the conductive fabric with exceptional electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties.

III. Characteristics and Primary Applications

This material inherently possesses outstanding electromagnetic shielding properties. It also exhibits excellent adhesion and curing characteristics for its metallic film layer, alongside remarkable durability. Consequently, it is frequently employed in environments subject to high-intensity electromagnetic radiation.

Common applications include electromagnetic shielding workwear, gloves, footwear, and other specialised shielding equipment. Additionally, this material finds extensive use within various electronic products.